Explosion Proof Temperature Sensor
The model of explosion-proof temperature sensor is wzpk-22i-b, which is made of stainless steel and has explosion-proof performance. If you want to conduct reliable temperature measurement, you first need to select the correct temperature instrument, that is, the temperature sensor. Thermocouple, thermistor, platinum resistance (RTD) and temperature IC are the most commonly used temperature sensors in testing.
The changes of physical parameters with temperature include expansion, resistance, capacitance, electromotive force, magnetic properties, frequency, optical characteristics, thermal noise and so on. With the development of production, new temperature sensors will continue to emerge.
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1. Semiconductor lighting is one of the most promising sunrise industries in the world.
The advantages of semiconductor lighting are outstanding
The lighting industry has experienced three generations of products, they are the first generation of electric light source: incandescent lamp (halogen tungsten lamp), second generation electric light source: fluorescent lamp (fluorescent lamp, energy saving lamp) and third generation electric light source: high intensity gas discharge lamp (HID), is currently developing towards the fourth generation of electric light source----semiconductor lighting. The realization of semiconductor illumination is a semiconductor light-emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode, abbreviated as LED), which is a wafer composed of a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor. The transition layer formed between them is called a PN junction. When the PN junction is applied with a forward voltage, Current injection, electrons and holes recombine to emit light. The size of LED chips is very small, usually only tens to hundreds of micrometers square. It is a solid-state light source. Choosing properly matched materials and manufacturing processes, most of the energy can be converted into light energy. Theoretically, the luminous efficiency can reach 400lm/w. The maximum luminous efficiency of the LED laboratory is 157 lm/w. LED is a new type of solid-state cold light source, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, long service life, easy maintenance, fast responsiveness and high reliability. At the same brightness, the power consumption is only 1/10 of that of ordinary incandescent lamps, 1/3 of fluorescent lamps, and the lifetime can be extended by 100 times. Semiconductor lighting is one of the most developed high-tech fields in the 21st century. Gradually replace incandescent and fluorescent lamps. By comparing the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the first three generations of products, we can see the strong vitality of semiconductor lighting.
Various applications continue to evolve
LEDs have long evolved from the earliest indicators to the field of lighting. Lighting is often divided into two areas: general lighting and special lighting. With the continuous improvement of LED luminous efficiency and light intensity, LED has developed into the depth of special lighting and gradually entered the field of general lighting.
The application range of LEDs is mainly determined by the LED chip luminous intensity (mcd, millicandela) and luminous efficiency (lm/w, lumens/watt). The greater the luminous intensity and the higher the luminous efficiency, the more widely used.
The LED chip can be divided into ordinary brightness LED, high brightness LED and ultra high brightness LED according to luminous intensity. The luminous intensity <10mcd is ordinary brightness, the high brightness between 10mcd and 100mcd, and the super high brightness of 100mcd. Normal brightness is mainly used for indicator lights; high brightness is used for special lighting; and ultra-high brightness can be further used for general illumination.
From the perspective of luminous efficiency, LED has the advantage that the first three generations of lighting products can't match. The luminous efficiency of LED can reach 400lm/w. The current level of mass production is 70-90lm/w, and the level of laboratory is about 120lm/w. The luminous efficiencies of the first three generations ranged from 8-80 lm/w. The higher the luminous efficiency, the lower the power of the same lighting effect, and the superiority is even more manifested. At present, LED has developed from early indicator lights to traffic lights, car lights, background lights, landscape lighting, special work lighting, military and other applications (toys, gifts, light industrial products, etc.), and general lighting has begun.
Countries have stepped up efforts to promote the development of semiconductor lighting industry
Japan took the lead in implementing the 21st century lighting program in 1998 and completed the replacement of 50% of traditional lighting with white LED lighting in 2006. At present, Japan is planning to achieve LED luminous efficiency of 120 lm/w by 2010. In April 2008, the Japanese government called for efforts to fully realize the conversion from incandescent lamps to fluorescent lamps by 2012.
The US National Semiconductor Lighting Research Project was developed by the US Department of Energy. It plans to invest $500 million in semiconductor lighting in 10 years to make the United States ahead of competitors in Japan, Europe and South Korea in the future lighting source market competition. The planned time node is 20lm/w in 2002, 75lm/w in 2007, and 150lm/w in 2012. It is estimated that by 2010, 55% of incandescent and fluorescent lamps will be replaced by semiconductor lamps; by 2025, the use of solid-state lighting sources will cut lighting power by half, saving $35 billion annually.
At the EU spring summit this year, an agreement was reached to decide that EU countries will gradually replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps; EU countries also intend to pass legislation to ban the production of incandescent bulbs in 2009. The Energy Ministers of the EU member states requested the European Commission to make plans before the end of 2008. From 2010, it will ban the sale of high-energy household lighting equipment including incandescent lamps in the EU.
Argentina signed the bill on the 12th this year and decided to completely ban the use of ordinary light bulbs from 2011. The New Zealand Department of Energy said in 2007 that it will ban the use of white heat bulbs starting in 2009. In addition, South Korea and China have also launched national semiconductor lighting projects.
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