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Modbus is a widely adopted communication protocol developed by Modicon. Over time, it has become the de facto standard in industrial automation due to its simplicity and reliability. When devices communicate using this protocol, different systems can exchange data seamlessly. It is commonly used over RS232 and RS485 serial connections, making it a popular choice for industrial applications.
There are two main variants of the Modbus protocol: Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU. Modbus ASCII is typically used when the amount of data exchanged is small, and text-based communication is preferred. On the other hand, Modbus RTU is more efficient for larger data transfers and uses binary encoding, which makes it faster and more compact.
In real-world applications, users often customize the Modbus protocol to suit specific needs. While some opt for entirely proprietary protocols, others make minor modifications to the standard protocol. These adjustments are usually documented in user manuals or help files, ensuring that developers and users can understand and implement the modified protocol effectively.
**Modbus RTU Communication Transmission Method**
Modbus RTU communication involves transmitting data in structured formats, including headers and encoded messages. The following structure is compatible with the Modbus RTU protocol:
- **Header:** Contains the address of the slave device.
- **Function Code:** Indicates the type of operation to be performed.
- **Data Field:** Carries the actual data being transmitted.
- **CRC Checksum:** A 16-bit error detection code to ensure data integrity.
- **End Marker:** Signals the end of the message.
**Address Code**
The first byte in the message represents the address of the device. The master sends this address to specify which slave should receive the message. Each slave has a unique address, and responses from the slave always start with their own address.
**Function Code**
The second byte defines the function to be executed. Modbus supports function codes from 1 to 127. The master uses these codes to request actions, while the slave responds with the same function code. If the highest bit of the function code is set (e.g., 127), it indicates an error or that the slave could not perform the requested action.
**Data Area**
The data area varies depending on the function code. It may include values, setpoints, or addresses sent between the master and the slave.
**CRC Code**
A two-byte cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is used to detect errors during transmission.
**Modbus RTU Protocol Format**
The Modbus protocol is a flexible and widely used language for communication between electronic controllers. It allows devices to interact over various networks, such as Ethernet, and has become an industry standard. This enables equipment from different manufacturers to be integrated into a unified control system.
Modbus defines a standardized message format that all devices can interpret, regardless of the communication medium. It outlines how devices request access to other devices, respond to requests, and handle errors. The protocol supports three communication modes: RTU, ASCII, and TCP.
The Modbus RTU module, such as the WCTU, supports multiple protocols, including Modbus RTU, ASCII, and TCP. It also offers multi-channel analog acquisition and digital input/output interfaces, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.