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Modbus is a widely used communication protocol developed by Modicon. It has gradually become the industry standard due to its extensive application in various industries. When data is exchanged according to this protocol, different systems can communicate seamlessly. Today, it is commonly applied in RS232/RS485 communication environments.
There are two main versions of the Modbus protocol: Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU. The ASCII version is typically used for small data transfers and text-based communication, while RTU is preferred when dealing with larger data volumes and binary formats. RTU is more efficient and compact, making it the most popular choice in industrial applications.
In practice, users often customize or modify the Modbus protocol to suit specific needs. While some opt for entirely custom protocols, others make minor adjustments and document them in software manuals or help files to ensure clarity and ease of use. This approach allows for flexibility without completely abandoning the standard.
**Modbus RTU Communication Transmission Method**
The Modbus RTU communication process involves transmitting independent information headers along with encoded data. The following structure is compatible with the Modbus RTU protocol:
The basic structure includes:
- Initial frame: At least 4 bytes
- Address code: 1 byte (identifies the slave device)
- Function code: 1 byte (specifies the action to be performed)
- Data area: N bytes (contains the actual data)
- Error check: 16-bit CRC code
- End frame: At least 4 bytes
**Address Code**
The address code is the first byte in the message. It tells the slave device which one should respond. Each device has a unique address, and responses always start with the corresponding address.
**Function Code**
The second byte defines the function to be executed. Modbus supports function codes from 1 to 127. The master sends a function code to request an action, and the slave responds with the same code. If the highest bit of the function code is set (e.g., 127), it indicates an error or that the slave could not perform the requested action.
**Data Area**
The data area varies depending on the function code. It may contain values, setpoints, or addresses sent between the master and the slave.
**CRC Code**
A 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is used for error detection, ensuring data integrity during transmission.
**Modbus RTU Communication Protocol Format**
Modbus is a versatile protocol used in electronic controllers, enabling communication between devices over networks like Ethernet. It has become an industry standard, allowing equipment from different manufacturers to work together in a centralized system. The protocol defines a message structure that is recognized across different communication channels. It outlines how devices request access, respond to requests, detect errors, and record them. It also establishes a common format for message content and structure.
Modbus supports three communication modes: RTU, ASCII, and TCP. The Modbus RTU module, such as the WCTU, supports all three protocols and offers multi-channel analog acquisition and digital interface capabilities. This makes it ideal for industrial automation and control systems where reliability and efficiency are essential.