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In recent developments, the push for higher energy density in power batteries is seen as a key step toward achieving the "future core" of new energy vehicles. A notable example comes from Fisker, an electric car manufacturer, which recently filed a patent for a solid-state battery technology that could boost electric vehicle range to an impressive 804 kilometers and reduce charging time to just one minute. This advancement highlights the growing interest in next-generation battery systems.
In China, power batteries remain a central focus in the development of electric vehicles. As part of the national research plan launched in 2016, Li Wei, a researcher at the Clean Energy Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, leads a project titled “Long-term Power Lithium Battery New Materials and New System Research.†The goal is to develop high-energy-density, safe lithium batteries that can significantly improve the driving range of electric vehicles. The project explores three promising battery types: lithium-ion, semi-solid lithium-sulfur, and solid lithium-air batteries—each with potential to become a core component in future new energy vehicles.
One of the main challenges in battery technology is increasing the energy density of power cells. Li Wei explained that reaching 400Wh/kg or higher could dramatically enhance the performance of electric vehicles. For instance, using a 400Wh/kg battery cell would equate to over 800Wh/L, allowing a vehicle like the Beiqi EV200 to travel up to 620 kilometers on a single charge while also reducing costs and extending battery life. This progress could help bridge the gap between electric and fuel-powered vehicles.
The project team is working on developing new battery technologies that exceed 400Wh/kg, aiming to address fundamental scientific and technological issues in high-energy-density batteries. They are also providing guidance for companies working on 300Wh/kg battery production. The research team is focused on pushing the limits of battery energy density, exploring advanced materials such as high-nickel cathodes and nano-silicon carbon anodes.
Recent progress shows that achieving 300Wh/kg in mass production is feasible. In their studies, the team has developed lithium-rich cathode materials and silicon-carbon anodes, with some configurations reaching energy densities of 348Wh/kg and even up to 780Wh/kg in certain systems. Using lithium metal as an anode is considered a critical path forward, though it presents technical challenges such as interface stability and thermal management.
To address these challenges, researchers are exploring solid electrolytes or hybrid solid-liquid electrolytes. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has been supporting solid-state battery development since 2013, with teams making progress in polymer, sulfide, and in-situ solid-state technologies.
While the technical roadmap is becoming clearer, significant challenges remain. Li Wei noted that the transition to all-solid-state metal lithium batteries requires breakthroughs in solid electrolyte and lithium metal material development, particularly in managing ion and electron transport, volume expansion, and thermal stability. Most of the existing manufacturing equipment can be adapted from current lithium-ion and primary lithium battery industries.
Additionally, advancements in large-scale production environments, such as controlled drying rooms for lithium metal batteries, have been achieved. Despite the many scientific and technological hurdles, including cost control, Li Wei remains optimistic. He believes that by thoroughly addressing the underlying scientific issues and proposing innovative solutions, the challenges can be overcome, paving the way for a brighter future in energy storage.