Design of LED Aquarium Lighting Device Based on Single Chip Microcomputer Control

1 Introduction

The main characters of the eco-aquarium are fish and aquatic plants, and visual appreciation is its main function. Lighting is one of the three major technical issues that are the primary solution.

Commonly used aquarium illumination sources are mainly fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, tungsten halogen lamps, etc., but their emission spectra do not match the water bioselective absorption spectra, which are used for water and vivid plant supplementation, with poor pertinence, low light efficiency, large energy consumption, and large quantities. Heat affects water temperature. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be the main and ideal artificial water and plant light source in the future due to their high efficiency, multi-color, narrow-band, direct current, good color rendering, energy saving and environmental protection. However, the current LED aquarium light source on the market has problems such as pre-cured and invariable spectrum and intensity, which is not adjustable, poor color rendering, static, etc., and cannot meet the dynamic demand of water and plants for the spectrum. Therefore, the intelligent LED aquarium light source has become a scientist. The focus of the research.

2 Design principles

2. 1 Selective absorption of ornamental water plants in the light band

Plants evolve, grow, and mature under full-spectrum natural light. In the visible range of the solar spectrum, the optical band between 690 ~ 780 nm, 580 ~ 690 nm, and 350 ~ 530 nm is the strongest physiological activity band, and the plant's chlorophyll absorption, photosynthetic efficiency, phototropism, and light are built. The red light-induced and long-wave red light induced spectra of the five major plant photobiochemical reactions (see Figure 1) are consistent. The chlorophyll of green water grass has strong absorption ability to red light and blue light, and lutein and carotene in red water grass have strong absorption ability to green and blue spectrum.

Figure 1 Spectra of five major plant photobiochemical reactions

2. 2 The effect of light quality on the growth of aquatic animals.

As an important ecological factor in nature, light has an obvious impact on animal behavior. Different light intensity, photoperiod and spectral composition have certain effects on animal predation rate, metabolism, growth and reproduction. In general, ornamental fish are not very suitable for short-wavelength illumination environments. As the wavelength increases, the growth rate of fish increases.

2. 3 Effects of photoperiod on aquatic life

The glare period of the natural sunlight is about 10: 00 ~ 15: 00, and the illumination time is about 5 ~ 6h. Considering that the intensity of the artificial light source is not as strong as the sunlight, it is recommended that the aqua source light be illuminated for 6-8 hours, and In the form of segmentation illumination: “10% light quantity & TImes; 1h-80% light quantity & TImes; 6h-20% light quantity & TImes; 1h” is better, that is, the light quantity is “weak→medium→strong→medium→weak” illumination period, The power sequencer is used to control the time of turning on and off, so that the light can conform to the photoperiod of the growth of aquatic organisms.

3 Aquarium lighting LED combination light source design

The LED aquarium lighting device based on single-chip control mainly includes two aspects of design: hardware design and software design. The hardware design mainly includes three parts: LED combination lamp, LED driver and circuit control system (see Figure 2 for block diagram). LED combination lamp consists of main lamp module and viewing module. LED adopts buck constant current driving mode, circuit The control system is used to realize automatic segmentation control of light color, light intensity, and illumination period and duration. The software design adopts the modular programming idea, which is written in C language according to the flexible combination and control method of the spectrum, and is integrated with the hardware. The master controller is controlled by the keyboard and GSM network to realize the full simulation spectrum required for water and plants. The function.

Figure 2 Block diagram of the LED aquarium illumination source

3. 1 LED combination light fixture

3. 1. 1 luminaire structure design

According to the fact that water and plants absorb light selectively, the main spectral radiation area of ​​"LED aquarium illumination source" is determined. Breaking through the traditional defect of point and line light source, the LED combination lamp adopts modular design, consisting of 1 set of main light strips (3W 4 blue, 6 white, 2 red LED) and 1 set of moon light strips (1W of 4 blue, 3 red, 2 green, 1 yellow, 1 tricolor LED) composition (see Figure 3). Each lamp bead is equipped with a 30° concentrating cap, and the nano-reflective strips on both sides are combined to maximize the concentration of light in the aquarium. Since the luminaire is a spot light, the ripples on the water surface reflect the shadow, which can simulate the natural sparkling effect.

Figure 3 LED lamp light bar diagram

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