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At the Baidu Developer Conference held on July 5th, the buzz around Baidu's open strategy has persisted beyond just a week. The opinions of various companies and developers on Baidu's initiatives vary widely. Wu Gansha, a former founder of Intel Capital and ex-president of Intel China Research Institute, told Pingtu Business Review in an interview that the barriers to future algorithms will continue to decrease, with more and more open-source developments. However, there remains a substantial gap between simply having open-source code and making it truly accessible.
"It's not just about open-sourcing code and building something. In terms of open-source practices, foreign countries are ahead of us domestically. Google's code quality is very high and they excel at fostering communities. That's a set of gameplays. Baidu hopes that everyone will contribute data back, and then people will see whether you're being selfish in the end. What happens if you end up fattening and killing other companies?"
This concern isn't unfounded. DuerOS is one of Baidu's core open capabilities, alongside the Apollo project, which is currently its dual-wheel drive. According to Jing Wei, General Manager of the DuPu Department, DuerOS is akin to Android in the realm of artificial intelligence. The implication is that DuerOS aims to become the infrastructure of the AI era, creating a system as universal as Android was for PCs.
How valuable is DuerOS? What permissions does it open up and what are its characteristics? Below is a detailed explanation provided by the Product Road Business Review.
In the overall introduction of DuerOS, Jing Hao outlined three key traits: Listening, Understanding, and Satisfaction.
These three points are essentially aspects of a dialogue system. From a strategic standpoint, DuerOS focuses on three directions. This is the area Baidu will prioritize in the near future:
1. Dialogue System: When a user speaks to DuerOS, the process involves the user speaking a command and the device sending the user's voice to a cloud recognition module. This module processes the user's dialogue, converting it into text. Under the dialogue brain, the converted texts are analyzed, identified, and understood within the context of the entire conversation to ensure comprehensive comprehension. This is the core of Baidu's user understanding capability.
Once DuerOS understands the user, the dialogue brain calls upon the appropriate native or third-party skills to fulfill the user's needs. Upon understanding and meeting the user, it responds via voice broadcast. If the device has a screen, DuerOS displays the results on that device.
Zhu Kaihua, CTO of the Baidu DuPu Division, told Pingtu Business Review that Baidu's strength as a search engine company in executing the DuerOS system lies in its superior ability to understand user dialogue. These advantages are primarily concentrated in three areas: more data, deeper technology, and broader content.
2. Skills Openness Platform: Wang Yuya, Head of Open Platform Products at Baidu Department, stated that DuerOS has over 100 native skills. The primary aim is to address consumer concerns at the time of purchase—what the product can do and whether it's worth buying.
Wang Yuya believes that understanding and satisfaction are the two most critical links. For instance, music, which has a strong associative nature, falls under high-frequency, content-based resources. The simple request like "I want to listen to a song," or wanting to listen to a specific artist's song or track, is essential and fundamental. However, during actual usage, users have diverse needs, such as needing sleep aid songs when going to bed, songs for heartbreak, lyric searches, instant question-answering requirements, etc., necessitating the provision of varied features.
3. Intelligent Device Platform: On the smart device platform, Baidu's most crucial function is providing a developer kit to minimize unnecessary time for developers. Besides Baidu's own personal, product-level, and Lite-version suites, Baidu will also adopt third-party solutions.
A smart hardware entrepreneur informed the Product Road Business Review that the solution provided by Baidu indeed lowers the threshold for artificial intelligence for enterprises.
Since it is open to smart devices, the most important thing at the application layer is implementation. Baidu announced the full acquisition of KITT.AI, which uses AI to accelerate the adoption of DuerOS on smart devices. KITT.AI began with "warm word detection," allowing developers to set their own wake-up words. For example, changing the wake-up word "Xiaodu" to any vocabulary enhances the natural interaction ability.
When Robin Li mentioned this matter, he also said, "Only Baidu is willing to invest in technology, while competitors will only buy products."
Currently, DuerOS has landed on smart devices including Xiaoyu at Home (speakers, robots), Hisense Smart Home (TVs, refrigerators, etc.), and Botai (in-car networking).
In summary, the overall architecture of DuerOS looks like this:
How many Alibabas are there between DuerOS and Alexa?
If people were exposed to the earliest voice interactions, it would be none other than Siri. However, in terms of commercialization, Amazon's smart speaker Echo leads the pack. In a sense, Echo is the pioneer of this smart speaker trend.
Alibaba chose to release the "Tmall Genie" smart speaker on the same day as the Baidu Developer Conference. Yes, after Google, Amazon, Apple, and other foreign giants released smart speakers, Alibaba also launched a smart speaker priced at 499 yuan, cheaper than its predecessors.
From the perspective of Baidu's and Alibaba's product release strategies, the difference is already apparent. Baidu hopes to build infrastructure, which is also the gateway that big companies want to seize. Alibaba, on the other hand, is more inclined to enter from the product side, with the ultimate goal of building an artificial intelligence ecosystem. Simply put, it's similar to the difference between Google and Amazon's approaches.
The benchmark for DuerOS isn't a stereo Echo, but rather a personal virtual assistant Alexa pre-installed on Amazon Echo, which is the core of Echo. It can receive and execute voice commands, equivalent to Amazon's Siri voice assistant. Zeng Yun, founder of the Zhejiang Intelligent Hardware Alliance, commented on the Product Business Review that DuerOS lags behind Alexa in terms of data volume and algorithm. "The more products you sell and the more they are used, the better the deep learning algorithm can be."
The renowned research institute CIRP estimated earlier this year. By the end of 2016, Echo had sold a total of 8.2 million units after the company launched it three years ago, receiving numerous accolades. Although Amazon itself did not disclose Echo sales figures, Echo sales tripled on the most recent Amazon Prime Day. Today, Alibaba will also have to follow this route to gain market share. After all, the Chinese market doesn't have a leader like Echo.
Zeng Yun pointed out that what DuerOS needs is to continuously expand its boundaries to gain full control over developers and the market.
In fact, there are more than three companies making intelligent voice assistants. Currently, all intelligent voice assistants are vying for entry points and ecosystems. Their current business models are mainly open-and-exit strategies, all based on "open capability-recruit developers-increase services."
These are some of the giants releasing intelligent voice assistants:
"Similar open strategies were implemented by HKUST News several years ago," said Zhu Mingming, founder and CEO of Rokid, when evaluating the DuerOS platform. "If DuerOS wants to become an Android player in the human-computer interaction era, I hope to establish standards through openness and ecology. Then I think that such 'early' standards are not very reliable. Everyone is trying to find a way out."
Baidu wants to become a leader in the era of artificial intelligence. How many problems still exist?
A user named James Hao commented on Weibo, why Kitt.AI came to power. It was only recording a few "wake-up words" in the audio instead of directly putting it in a device. After recording, why wouldn’t Lego, who had installed DuerOS in his arms, answer the question “How to extinguish the fire for a dinosaurâ€; why when Intel came to power to speak, it fully demonstrated Lu Qi's shorthand ability and translation ability, rather than using the "Baidu Brain" translation ability?
In order to become Android in the field of artificial intelligence, Baidu’s ambition is not small. However, Rome was not built in one day, and turning DuerOS into a platform is not something a single developer conference can solve.
1. Temporarily unable to form an ecosystem
Innovation partner Wang Qigang told Product Business Review that DuerOS basically plays the role of Chinese Alexa. From a technical standpoint, the technology of the DuerOS team is undoubtedly the leading team in the country. Of course, it also has its limitations: The ability to customize is not as strong as it claims. When it comes to integrating every application in every industry, there will always be specific issues.
Judging from the situation at the Baidu Developers Conference, the projects that have already been confirmed to be able to land are indeed a bit small. It can be said that in the car, living room, kitchen, and other scenes, they are evenly distributed, but have not yet begun to focus on exertion.
In cooperation with Botai, Botai founder Yi Lun also revealed that the cooperation with DuerOS will be carried out on the vehicle next year, which means that DuerOS has not produced significant results in the on-board system.
DuerOS' vision is simple, so that each developer can use this platform to make things and carry them onto their own products so that they can roll like snowballs. However, at least at present, the landing items are not enough to talk about the word "ecology."
A smart hardware practitioner disclosed to the Product Road Business Review that he had not had much contact with DuerOS vendors. He had more R&D systems and vendors using AliyunOS, and the proportion of AliyunOS was greater than the former.
Let's take Amazon’s core voice ability Alexa for example. Some time ago, Amazon announced that Alexa's skills exceeded 15,000, meaning you have 15,000 services that can be used to get Alexa through voice interaction. In addition, shortly after the official launch of Echo in 2015, Amazon set up the Alexa Fund and also launched the free developer software tool development kit Alexa Skills Kit (ASK), inviting hardware vendors and software developers to utilize Echo's built-in Alexa voice technology.
It can be seen that Baidu's opening of DuerOS, including the acquisition of KITT.AI and other moves, are all catching up with Alexa. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to call it the Alexa of China.
2. Competitors
Before the arrival of HKUST and Alibaba, there were a number of startup companies and Baidu had a lot of pressure to transform artificial intelligence.
"If a large company does, it must be a basic platform, and it will not start from a vertical perspective like a start-up company. This is also an opportunity for startups." An artificial intelligence founding CEO told Teller Business Review.
Robin Li once said that in the age of artificial intelligence there are no loner heroes. Only openness and cooperation can win. Baidu opened DuerOS, in order to wait for an explosion, like the explosion of Echo. Unfortunately, explosions may also appear on other platforms. Whether it is HKUST’s news or cloud knowledge, it is directed at the platform.
If Baidu's data based on search engines has an advantage, then this view may be somewhat biased. At present, the data required by artificial intelligence are high-quality marked data. In this case, Baidu's data can be partially invalidated. Starting from the product, the startup company has a small amount of data, but all of them are high-quality data. The data obtained by using the product is continuously rolled over and the level of the algorithm can be improved. At this point, big companies are sometimes even less advanced than start-up companies.
3. Consumer acceptance
In the long term, the ability of voice interaction to become mainstream is certain. However, at present, Chinese consumers are still not adapting to this interactive capability.
Chen Xiaoliang, founder of Sentinel Technology, told Product Business Review that there is not yet a product that can reach 80 points in the smart speaker. There may be a better product next year. The industry is still in a very early stage, and the microphones are unable to achieve the desired requirements.
Hu Yu, CEO of HKUST, publicly stated that some functions and scenarios are the ones that the company itself came up with out of thin air, and it was found that the user's thinking and behavior habits were not designed as products when they were actually put into practical use. Knowing the needs of end users, especially the functions and products that can meet the needs of today's post-80s and post-90s, and grasping the habits of these people to use consumer-level AI products, is that information flight and even the entire industry are relatively lacking.
In the period when both software and hardware have not reached the normal standards, it is particularly important to capture consumer minds. Every company is looking for "killer" applications.
Can Baidu rely on DuerOS to return to the BAT head line?
Since January of this year, DuerOS has gradually become one of Baidu's most internally watched capabilities, and it is Baidu’s determination to fully transform artificial intelligence. It is Baidu’s risky move to study artificial intelligence with no problems. It is also its advantage.
Alexa has already achieved good results with Echo. “New York Times†columnist Farhad Manjoo commented on the Echo Smart Speaker in 2016: “Echo has evolved from a breadth of experimentation to a device full of in-depth possibilities. The longer I use it, the better I often feel the predictive meaning of using the first iPhone in the past. I feel that this machine is opening up a vast new era of personal computers and slowly expanding the role of computers in our future.â€
The road from DuerOS has only just begun, and its prospect remains to be tested by the market.
Li Kaifu, CEO of Innovation Works, predicts that there will be a platform developed in the future to make artificial intelligence more useful. "Like today you have to do IOS or Android Open, you don't need to write a fingerprint for yourself, because Apple or other companies do a good job for you. In the future, artificial intelligence will make more people who do not understand deep mathematical artificial intelligence. It can be used up. The day begins and the whole area may blow out."
Can Baidu make such a platform to return to the BAT head line? This is a matter of time, and it is also the ALL IN challenge that Baidu has to face!