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In the process of actual network construction, the hybrid networking of TD-SCDMA and WLAN has proven to be an effective solution to the current problem of frequency resource shortages. Multi-technology, multi-layer networking combined with service access control is one of the key strategies for addressing the spectrum resource crisis faced by TD-SCDMA. The WLAN network can help compensate for the limitations of the TD-SCDMA network and significantly enhance data capacity. Analyzing WLAN application scenarios and ensuring ease of use are crucial factors in the deployment of WLAN hotspots and the promotion of related services.
As China Mobile's data service demands continue to grow, the need for higher bandwidth becomes more pressing. The WLAN network plays a vital role in complementing GSM and TD networks, enhancing their data capabilities. Currently, China Mobile has the most extensive GSM network, which offers wide coverage, stable operation, and high-quality performance. However, GSM has limitations when it comes to supporting high-speed data services. Although the theoretical maximum rate for an EDGE user is 236.8 Kbps, real-world performance often falls far below this, making it unsuitable for large-scale data applications.
Meanwhile, the TD-SCDMA network has been deployed in provincial and municipal cities, and with the ongoing fourth phase of the project, its coverage will expand further. Compared to the GSM network, TD-SCDMA offers improved bandwidth. This makes it possible for WLAN services to serve as a valuable complement to the GSM/TD network. For instance, the 802.11g protocol supports a theoretical speed of up to 54 Mbps, while measured speeds typically range between 16–30 Mbps. The newer 802.11n protocol can theoretically reach 600 Mbps. Although real-world performance may drop due to obstacles like distance, walls, interference, and encryption, WLAN still outperforms TD-SCDMA in terms of bandwidth, making it a strong complement for data services.
To meet the growing demand for mobile data services in university districts, densely populated business areas, and major roads, Datang Mobile has introduced a converged TD-SCDMA and WLAN access network solution.
**Application of TD-SCDMA + WLAN in Indoor Distribution Engineering**
When deploying indoor distribution systems, Datang Mobile primarily uses two methods: one involves using distributed APs combined with a combiner to merge WLAN signals with TD-SCDMA signals, allowing both to share the same antenna system. The second method employs indoor placement APs to cover specific hotspots.
The main advantage of using distributed APs is that each AP covers a larger area at a lower cost, but they have limited user capacity. In contrast, indoor placement APs are better suited for high-capacity hotspot areas, though they come with higher construction costs. It is generally recommended to use a combination of both types of APs for optimal coverage and efficiency.
In the case of indoor placement APs, the WLAN signal is evenly distributed through the existing indoor subsystem. As shown in Figure 1, the installation of APs in hotspot areas ensures that a large number of users can simultaneously meet their bandwidth requirements.
**Application of TD-SCDMA + WLAN in Outdoor Coverage Engineering**
For outdoor coverage, Datang Mobile utilizes outdoor Mesh APs to provide WLAN coverage, while TD signals from macro base stations cover public areas, offering data services to mobile users. Outdoor coverage includes residential areas, open spaces such as golf courses and scenic spots, urban roads, highways, and more, as illustrated in Figure 2.
**Datang Mobile’s Unique Mesh AP Network Coverage**
Datang Mobile’s Adaptive Mesh Network enables rapid wireless broadband setup through intelligent networking mechanisms embedded in each multi-carrier WLAN base station. Small-scale networks can be established within seconds, adapting to various emergency needs. Base stations can be deployed in any topology and flexibly adjust to different environments. The number of nodes can be scaled up or down as needed, as shown in Figure 3.
Mesh AP networking offers several advantages:
- **Automatic adjustment and adaptation**: Makes mobile broadband networks easy to move and expand.
- **Real-time monitoring and repair**: Enables quick detection and repair of failed connections, often within 1 second.
- **Dynamic environmental optimization**: Automatically optimizes transmission links based on surrounding conditions and service needs.
- **High reliability**: Each node maintains multiple communication links, ensuring the network remains functional even if one node fails.
- **Powerful multi-hop transmission**: Information can be relayed between nodes with minimal bandwidth loss (less than 5%) and low delay (under 2ms).
- **Adaptive RF planning**: Dynamically adjusts RF allocation based on the surrounding wireless environment.
- **Flexible configuration**: Supports different antenna types, such as whip or directional antennas, depending on the site.
**Summary**
Datang Mobile has implemented WLAN coverage in both indoor and outdoor environments, including large office buildings, commercial and residential complexes, hotels, airports, stations, small conference rooms, bars, leisure centers, public plazas, residential areas, school campuses, parks, and commercial pedestrian streets. By integrating WLAN with the TD network, this approach effectively addresses the bandwidth limitations of the TD-SCDMA network and significantly enhances the data capacity of operators.