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With the rapid advancement of communication technology and the continuous improvement in living standards, traditional voice-only services are no longer sufficient to meet user demands. Especially with the growth of the internet, people increasingly prefer multimedia, diverse, and personalized experiences. This has led to a surge in data traffic, increasing the demand for higher bandwidth. Although fiber-optic access represents the future of broadband, its high engineering costs and capital investment make it difficult to implement in the near term. In this context, broadband wireless access has gained significant attention due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Both new and established operators have shown strong interest in this technology.
While the growth of broadband wireless users is not as fast as wired alternatives, China’s internet user base has been growing rapidly, indicating substantial room for expansion. Compared to wired access, wireless still holds a small share, but the technological advancements in wireless broadband—such as improved transmission capabilities and mobility—suggest a promising future. With well-established technical standards and operational models, the broadband wireless industry is expected to grow rapidly. The 802.11 series currently leads in this space, but other technologies are emerging, making it uncertain which will dominate the market. However, the development of a complete industrial chain is key to long-term success, offering mutual benefits to manufacturers, operators, and users.
In China, the current informationization of radio management relies on hierarchical cable networks operated by the state, province, and city levels. As more data and systems move online, radio managers become increasingly dependent on these networks. However, the limitations of wired infrastructure hinder mobile monitoring and remote access. Integrating broadband wireless access can help address these challenges and enhance network extension. This should be a priority in future information construction efforts.
Currently, several frequency bands are allocated for wireless access in China:
- **400 MHz (TDD):** Reserved for rural areas to support local public communication.
- **450 MHz (FDD):** Originally for two-way radios, now used for rural wireless access.
- **1800 MHz (SCDMA):** Extended to improve spectrum efficiency and support local wireless access.
- **1900 MHz:** Used for PHS and other TDD-based systems.
- **2.4 GHz (802.11b/g):** A shared ISM band for various wireless applications.
- **3.5 GHz (MMDS):** For fixed wireless access with FDD.
- **5.8 GHz (802.11a):** Allocated for high-speed wireless LANs and broadband access.
- **26 GHz (LMDS):** High-frequency licensed band for point-to-multipoint distribution.
Despite the potential, broadband wireless access faces several challenges:
- **Spectrum Constraints:** Limited frequency resources and interference issues affect performance.
- **Standardization Issues:** Lack of unified air interface standards increases costs and limits interoperability.
- **User Base Growth:** Wireless access still lags behind wired options in terms of adoption.
The status of broadband wireless access includes technologies like WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), McWiLL, WiBro, HIPERMAN, IEEE 802.20, and IEEE 802.22. Each has unique features, from fixed to mobile access, and some are designed for specific environments or mobility levels.
Looking ahead, the development of broadband wireless access will continue to evolve. Standards like IEEE 802.16e will promote compatibility and reduce costs. Future applications may include location-based services, e-commerce, wireless office tools, gaming, and monitoring. These innovations will support business, home, and entertainment needs across various scenarios.
In conclusion, as broadband wireless technology matures in reliability, security, and speed, it will play a crucial role in China's radio management informationization. Combining it with existing wired networks can lead to a converged infrastructure, expanding coverage from local to cross-regional and even international scales. This integration will optimize resource utilization and improve network availability, becoming a key trend in future network development.