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In recent years, the rapid advancement of robotics—especially industrial robots—has significantly boosted the demand for machine vision systems. At the 2016 World Robotics Congress press conference, Mao Weiming, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, emphasized that intelligent manufacturing is a key focus for the department. He also outlined the "13th Five-Year Plan" for the industrial robot industry in China, aiming to support the development, production, and promotion of critical robot components. With the rise of high-end equipment manufacturing as a core element of Industry 4.0 and the implementation of China’s 2025 Manufacturing Strategy, the industrial intelligent robot market has experienced explosive growth. As the “eyes†of these robots, machine vision plays an increasingly vital role.
Machine vision is a crucial component of intelligent robots, significantly enhancing their flexibility and operational capabilities. Choosing the right visual system depends on specific application needs. Here are some key elements to consider:
1. **Cameras and Optical Components**
Cameras and lenses are essential for capturing images of the object being inspected. They can be black and white, color (RGB or Y/C), or have specialized scanning modes like progressive or line scan. The choice depends on the application requirements.
2. **Lighting Systems**
Proper illumination ensures clear and accurate image capture. Common lighting sources include LEDs, fluorescent lamps, incandescent bulbs, and halogen lights. The type and intensity of lighting should match the inspection task.
3. **Sensors**
These components detect when an object is in position, triggering the vision system to capture an image. Grating sensors or proximity sensors are commonly used for this purpose.
4. **Image Acquisition Cards**
These cards connect the camera to the PC, converting analog or digital signals into data that the computer can process. They also allow control over camera settings such as exposure and shutter speed.
5. **PC Platform**
A powerful computer is necessary for processing image data efficiently. Industrial-grade PCs are often used in harsh environments to ensure reliability and performance.
6. **Vision Software**
Software is used to create programs that analyze captured images and make decisions (e.g., pass/fail). It can range from simple tools for specific tasks to comprehensive platforms with multiple functions.
7. **Digital I/O and Network Connections**
After processing, the system must communicate with external devices, such as PLCs or databases, to send results and control the production line.
When configuring a machine vision system, it's important to define your goals clearly. Determine what you need to measure, detect, or recognize. Consider factors like speed, accuracy, and environmental conditions. Selecting the right hardware and software is critical. Poor optics or lighting can severely limit system performance, even with high-end components.
Additionally, machine vision systems lack the adaptability of human vision. They operate based on programmed instructions, so understanding their limitations is essential to avoid errors. Software choices affect development time and system performance. Some systems offer graphical interfaces, while others require coding for more complex tasks.
Finally, plan for future scalability. Ensuring compatibility with upcoming changes will save time and costs. Remember, the overall performance of a vision system is limited by its weakest component. By carefully selecting and configuring each part, you can build a reliable and efficient inspection system that meets current and future needs.