When the Internet of Things entered the eyes of people, the media used the Internet of Things security system of Shanghai Pudong International Airport as an example. The total perimeter of the security system is 27.1km. A total of more than 8,000 node devices are installed. Not only the sensor node detects the area where the intruder is located, but also the intruder's movement gesture can be detected. By judging the information, different values ​​are given. Warning method. The security system uses a total of up to 90 million yuan for sensing security protection devices for the Internet of Things. If more than 200 civilian airports in the country are equipped with the above equipment, it will cost hundreds of millions of yuan. Is the Internet of Things truly a luxury product?
How to make the Internet of things go deep into people's hearts, from luxury goods to daily necessities? Obviously, reducing IoT costs is the key. The Internet of Things has been promoted and low cost is an important driving force. Only with low costs, the Internet of Things has the value of replication.
The Internet of Things is at the forefront of the development of information technology. It is a combination of high-tech and multi-domain technologies. Its implementation has a fundamental, strategic, scale, and wide-ranging industrial-pushing significance for a country. Once the various applications of the Internet of Things are promoted, they will Lead to profound changes in industrial production and social life. Therefore, to understand the Internet of Things, we must start with its architecture and consider its status, roles, functions, and operating environment from the macro strategic framework for the development of national informatization so that we can understand the various aspects of the national economy and public social life. Contributions in various fields of science and technology.
The Internet of Things architecture, that is, its logic can be divided into the perception layer, transport layer and application layer, and the middle of the transport layer is the most mature. It can borrow the existing infrastructure such as the Internet, mobile communication networks, and radio and television networks. However, the perception and application layers are relatively thin. How do we reduce the cost from the perception layer and the application layer?
The main function of the perception layer is to realize the perception, recognition, monitoring or collection of data, and the reaction and control of objects. In order to realize the Internet of Things, the level that the sensory layer needs to reach is bionic, that is, the combination of multiple sensing means to extend the range of human body sensory perception and increase the sensitivity. The understanding of “telescope, good ears†in the Internet of Things is roughly the same. Even these perceiving devices can sense things that the creature cannot perceive. Because the sensory layer is composed of various types of sensors, such as buildings, vehicles, surface, streets, etc., two-dimensional bar codes, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, and radio frequency identification tag readers, cameras, and global positioning systems (Global Positioning System (GPS), and a variety of embedded terminal sensor network, so all kinds of sensors to be used in conjunction with the algorithm to optimize, can improve front-end perception of equipment cost-effective. In addition to sensing terminals, key technologies such as wireless sensor networks must be overcome to replicate the demonstration projects of IoT.
As for the application layer, to create a unified common platform to avoid duplication of construction, we can interpret the meaning of "low cost".
The key technologies affecting the development of the global Internet of things include radio frequency identification technology, sensors and wireless sensor network technology, and data mining and fusion technologies.
1. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology. Its basic principle is to use radio frequency signals and its spatial coupling and transmission characteristics to realize automatic identification of stationary or moving objects for the collection point. The information is "standardized". This technology can realize the non-contact automatic identification of multiple items at the same time, all-weather, strong identification and penetrating ability, and no contact wear. It combines with the Internet and communication technology to achieve tracking and information of items in the global scope. The sharing is crucial to the "identification" of information and short-range communications at the Internet of Things.
2. Sensor technology
The sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can change the information sensed by the detection into an electrical signal or other desired form of information output. The sensor is mainly responsible for the collection of information on the Internet of Things. It is the first link to achieve automatic detection and automatic control, and is the basis of the Internet of Things service and application.
3. Wireless sensor network technology
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area and forms a multi-hop self-organizing network through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network is a brand-new information acquisition platform, which can monitor and collect the information of various detection objects in the network distribution area in real time, and send this information to the gateway node.
4. Data Mining and Fusion Technology
From the perceptual layer to the application layer of the network, the types and quantities of various types of information have increased exponentially, and the amount of data that needs to be analyzed has also increased in number, as well as data fusion between heterogeneous networks or multiple systems. How to excavate hidden information and effective data from massive data in a timely manner is a huge challenge for data processing. Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively integrate, mine, and intelligently process massive amounts of data is a problem for the Internet of Things.
Combining distributed computing technologies such as P2P and cloud computing is one way to solve the above problems. Cloud computing provides a new and efficient computing model for the Internet of Things. It can provide on-demand, scalable, and inexpensive computing over the network. It has a relatively reliable and secure data center, and it is convenient, inexpensive, and mainframe-friendly. The ability to easily share data and applications between different devices, so that users do not have to worry about information disclosure, hacking and other thorny issues. Cloud computing is a milestone in the development of informatization. It emphasizes the aggregation, optimization, and dynamic allocation of information resources, saves informationization costs, and greatly increases the efficiency of data centers.
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