The latest news of Shenzhou 11: The next day will be sent back home and the final comprehensive exercise has been completed.

China’s Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft will end more than 30 days of “space trip”. The mission of the two astronauts in the Tiangong-2 space laboratory is nearing completion. Today, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong will Preparations for the evacuation of Tiangong-2 began, and they entered the Shenzhou spacecraft and then returned to the ground. According to the plan, the Shenzhou 11 return capsule will land in the main landing area of ​​the Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia. In order to ensure the success of the mission, the main landing system has recently completed the final search and rescue comprehensive drill, and the preparations are now ready to go home.

This is the last systematic comprehensive exercise conducted by the main landing field before the return of Shenzhou 11th. The air and ground units are completely in accordance with the 1:1 full mission status and process. The drill simulated the spacecraft carrying two male astronauts to return to the main landing zone normally. The astronauts were in good health and the returning cabin was dumped.

At 12:40, the drill officially began. The air and ground search and rescue teams set off in succession and arrived at the standby area. At 13:41, the return block was blackout and the search began. According to the Beijing notification point, the air detachment uses airborne search equipment;

At 13:46, the 243 beacon signal was successfully captured and the helicopter was returned to zero;

At 13:53, the commander visually returned to the cabin, and the air detachment landed in succession and rushed to the return cabin.

Subsequently, the ground detachment arrived at the drill site, and the search and rescue team conducted the drills of the astronauts out of the cabin, the medical supervision and medical insurance, the returning cabin on-site disposal, and the astronauts.

The Shenzhou 11 spacecraft will land on the Amugulang Prairie in the main landing site. “Amugulang” means Mongolian “Peace”. The Amugulang Grassland is located in Siziwangqi, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the central part of Inner Mongolia, covering an area of ​​over 2,000 square kilometers.

From the land to the Amugulang grassland, Hongge Sumu is the only place to go, Sumu is the township, there is the famous Xilamuren Temple built in 1758, and the Red Geum Sumu is also called the Great Temple. . The landing station of Xi'an Satellite Monitoring Center is built on the side of the temple.

The average elevation of the Amugulang grassland is 1400 meters. The edge of the grassland is slightly higher, with obvious topographic changes, while the depth of the grassland is slightly lower. The more the middle terrain is wider and flatter, the shape is very similar to a shallow dish. The geographical location of the Amugulang grassland is sandy grassland. There are no large rivers, no alpine gullies, no tall trees, and few locals are sparsely populated, with an average of no more than 10 people per square kilometer. These conditions are very suitable for spacecraft landing.

The local climate also meets the basic conditions for the recovery of spacecraft. The Amugulang grassland is a medium-temperate continental climate with dryness throughout the year, low rainfall in spring, autumn and winter, and high visibility. Although strong convective weather such as thunderstorms often occur in summer, the proportion is not high throughout the year.

In order to make the spacecraft return to land as much as possible, the landing site should be selected in the area where the trajectory of the ship is operated as many times as possible, and the Amugulang grassland also meets such conditions.

The meteorological conditions of the main landing site will be the key to whether the spacecraft can return on time. Thunderstorms and winds are not suitable for the return of the spacecraft. In all meteorological conditions, the most important factor is the size of the shallow wind on the ground.

According to calculations, the spacecraft return cabin will open the parachute at a height of about 10 kilometers from the ground, relying on the deceleration function of the parachute to slowly drift to the ground. If the wind is too large, the spacecraft may drift out of the designated landing area, increasing the difficulty of search and rescue.

In addition, if the surface wind speed is too fast, after the spacecraft landed on the ground, a giant parachute with an area of ​​1,200 square meters may drag the return cabin at high speed on the ground, posing a threat to the life safety of the astronauts.

The lightning weather is no longer able to ensure the safe return of the spacecraft. Because the return compartment is made of metal, lightning can cause damage to its communication equipment and electronic components, which is detrimental to the safety of astronauts.

In the event of bad weather on the main landing site, the sub-landing field, which is 1000 kilometers apart, can serve as a weather backup.

The safe return of the manned spacecraft is related to the life safety of the astronauts. It is one of the key points and difficulties in the manned space mission. From a technical perspective, the return of the spacecraft includes complex processes such as re-entry into the atmosphere, deceleration and landing. . In the process of re-entering the atmosphere, there are three methods generally adopted internationally.

The early manned spacecraft of the United States and the Soviet Union, such as the US "Mercury" manned spacecraft, the Soviet "Oriental" and "Rise" manned spacecraft, all re-entry into the atmosphere are ballistic reentry.

When the ballistic reentry manned spacecraft returns to the atmosphere, the return capsule enters the atmosphere along a natural trajectory. This method is simple in technology, and the heat generated by the spacecraft and the air is relatively low through the short time of the atmosphere, and the anti-ablative structure of the spacecraft is relatively simple. However, it has obvious shortcomings, that is, the astronauts are greatly impacted during the fall, and the accuracy of the return cabin is difficult to find, so it has a certain impact on the safety of the astronauts.

In order to reduce the impact on astronauts and improve the accuracy of landing, the US "Gemini" "Apollo" manned spacecraft, Russia's "Alliance" series manned spacecraft and China's current Shenzhou spacecraft used lift when returning to Earth. The way into the atmosphere.

When the lift-return spacecraft enters the atmosphere, it will produce a certain controllable lift, allowing the spacecraft to slide along the gliding or jumping orbit, thus easing the deceleration process, so that the astronauts will have less impact and the spacecraft will have a certain The maneuverability, so the placement is more precise, enabling recyclers to find astronauts more quickly.

The space shuttle that can be used to make multiple trips to space is very different from the one used for single-use spacecraft. It uses a gliding type.

The glider spacecraft looks like an airplane, so it can slide like an airplane in the atmosphere and eventually slip on a specific landing track. Since the space shuttle is unpowered gliding when landing, there is only one landing opportunity. If weather conditions do not allow it to land at the main landing site of the Kennedy Space Center, it can only land on two other sub-landing sites. During the week, the specially modified Boeing 747 was used to take it back to the Kennedy Space Center.

Although the US space shuttles were all retired in 2011, small spacecraft similar to the space shuttles being developed in the United States and European countries have followed the gliding level landing.