1. AC Power Supply Surge Arrester (1) Single-phase Parallel Surge Arrester Circuit 1: The simplest circuit Description: 1. Advantages: The circuit is simple, using a compound symmetrical configuration, offering full protection for both common mode and differential mode, with L and N lines able to be connected randomly. Disadvantages: The varistor RV1 is prone to fire in case of a short-circuit failure. It's recommended to connect a power frequency fuse in series with each varistor to prevent short circuits. If the L and N lines are not reversed, RV2 and RV3 can be omitted, and the upper end of the discharge tube G can be directly connected to the N line, forming a "1+1" circuit. 2. The varistor voltage value should be selected based on the following table (choosing a higher varistor voltage ensures safer and more durable operation, though residual voltage might be slightly higher). The external size and package form are determined by the flow capacity requirements. Alternatively, multiple varistors can be used in parallel (selecting parallel varistor voltages extends service life and enhances safety). 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is chosen based on the required flow capacity, with a DC breakdown voltage ranging from 470V to 600V. For flow capacities ≤ 3KA, a glass discharge tube can be used instead. 4. The flow capacity of the varistor and gas discharge tube must be calculated considering a derating factor of more than 10 times the impact (the varistor has about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, while the gas discharge tube has up to half of its maximum flow capacity). Original document: A variety of lightning protection circuit large anatomy.pdf Download method: Respond to "Lightning Protection" in the public number for free access Circuit 2: Safer circuit Description: 1. Advantages: This circuit uses a compound symmetrical configuration, providing full protection against both common mode and differential mode. L and N lines can be connected randomly. There is no leakage current during normal operation, which helps prolong the device's lifespan. Since the failure mode of the ceramic gas discharge tube is mostly an open circuit, it is less likely to cause fires. Disadvantages: In the event of a short-circuit failure of the varistor or ceramic gas discharge tube, there is a possibility of fire. 2. The varistor voltage value is selected according to the table (choosing a higher varistor voltage ensures safer and more durable operation, although the residual voltage may be slightly higher). The external size and package form are determined by the flow capacity requirements. Alternatively, multiple varistors can be used in parallel (selecting parallel varistor voltages extends service life and ensures safety). 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected based on the required flow capacity, with a DC breakdown voltage of 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). Circuit 3: Universal safety protection circuit Description: 1. Advantages: Composite symmetrical circuit, common mode and differential mode full protection, L, N can be connected casually, safe, varistor can be disconnected from the circuit after short-circuit failure, generally does not cause fire. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (should select parallel varistor voltages, each varistor must be connected in series with a temperature fuse to extend the service life and ensure safety). 3. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is better to connect a power frequency fuse in series to prevent the power frequency overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 4. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 5. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). (2) Three-phase parallel type lightning arrester Circuit 1: The simplest circuit Description: 1. Advantages: Adopt "3+1" circuit, the circuit is simple, and the three-phase full protection. Disadvantages: The varistor is prone to fire after a short circuit failure. It is best to connect a power frequency fuse in series with each varistor to prevent the varistor from short-circuiting. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (as shown in the figure, the two varistors in each phase are connected in parallel, and the parallel connection of varistor voltage values ​​should be selected to prolong the service life and ensure safety). 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). Circuit 2: Safer circuit Description: 1. Advantages: Adopt “3+1†circuit, full protection of three phases, no leakage current during normal operation, which can prolong the service life of the device. Since the failure mode of ceramic gas discharge tube is mostly open circuit, it is not easy to cause fire. Disadvantages: In the event of a short circuit failure of the varistor and the ceramic gas discharge tube, it may cause a fire. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (as shown in the figure, the two varistors in each phase are connected in parallel, and the parallel connection of varistor voltage values ​​should be selected to prolong the service life and ensure safety). 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). Circuit 3: Universal safety protection circuit Description: 1. Advantages: Adopt "3+1" circuit, three-phase full protection, safety, varistor can be disconnected from the circuit after short-circuit failure, generally does not cause fire. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (as shown in the figure, two varistors in each phase are connected in parallel. The varistor voltage should be connected in parallel with each other. Each varistor should be connected in series with a temperature fuse to extend the service life. And ensure safety). 3. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is better to connect a power frequency fuse in series to prevent the power frequency overvoltage from instantaneously igniting the varistor. 4. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 5. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). (3) Single-phase series lightning arrester Single-phase universal safety protection circuit: Description: 1. Advantages: Two-stage composite symmetrical circuit, common mode and differential mode full protection, low residual voltage, L, N can be connected casually, safe, varistor can be disconnected from the circuit after short-circuit failure, generally does not cause fire. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (as shown in the figure, the first stage is m varistors in parallel, and the second stage is n parallels. The parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected. Each varistor should be connected in series. Temperature fuses to extend service life and ensure safety). 3. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is better to connect a power frequency fuse in series to prevent the power frequency overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 4. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 5. The varistor and the discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the discharge tube is about half of the maximum flow capacity). ). 6. The series inductance is a hollow inductor, the inductance should be ≥20μH, and the wire diameter should be calculated according to the load current. (4) Three-phase series lightning arrester Three-phase universal safety protection circuit: Description: 1. Advantages: It adopts two-level “3+1†circuit, three-phase full protection, low residual voltage and safety. The varistor can be disconnected from the circuit after short-circuit failure, and generally does not cause fire. 2. The varistor voltage value of the varistor is selected according to the following table (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the flow capacity requirement. Or use several varistors in parallel (as shown in the figure, the first stage is m varistors in parallel, and the second stage is n parallels. The parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected. Each varistor should be connected in series. Temperature fuses to extend service life and ensure safety). 3. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is better to connect a power frequency fuse in series to prevent the power frequency overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 4. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is 470V to 600V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 5. The varistor and the discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the discharge tube is about half of the maximum flow capacity). ). 6. The series inductance is a hollow inductor, the inductance should be ≥20μH, and the wire diameter should be calculated according to the load current. 2. DC Power Supply Surge Arrester for Communication Equipment Room (1) Parallel DC Power Supply Surge Arrester 1. Positive grounding (-48V) DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model number on the map (it is safer and more durable to select the varistor voltage, and the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the requirements of the flow capacity, or Several varistors are used in parallel (the parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor must be connected in series with a temperature fuse to extend the service life and ensure safety). 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is generally 90V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). 2. Negative grounding (+24V) DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model number on the map (it is safer and more durable to select the varistor voltage, and the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher); the external size and package form are selected according to the requirements of the flow capacity, or Several varistors are used in parallel (the parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor must be connected in series with a temperature fuse to extend the service life and ensure safety). 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is generally 90V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). 3, positive and negative symmetrical DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model number on the map (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher), and the external dimensions and package form are selected according to the requirements of the flow capacity, or Several varistors are used in parallel (the parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor must be connected in series with a temperature fuse to extend the service life and ensure safety). 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity, and the DC breakdown voltage is generally 150V. When the required flow capacity is ≤ 3KA, it can be replaced with a glass discharge tube. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half) (2) Series DC Power Supply Surge Arrester 1. Positive grounding (-48V) DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model marked on the figure (the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher). According to the requirements of the flow capacity, the external dimensions and package form are required, and the flow is required. When the capacity Im is large, the first and second stages can be connected in parallel with m and n varistors as shown in the figure. (The parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor should be connected in series with the temperature fuse. Extend the service life and ensure safety), according to the first stage Im1≥Im, the second stage Im2≥(0.2~0.3)Im. 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the first ceramic gas discharge tube G1 is selected according to the required flow capacity Im, and the second discharge tube G2 can be selected with reference to the second stage Im2. 4. The varistor and the discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the discharge tube is about half of the maximum flow capacity). ). 5, the series inductance is a hollow inductor, the inductance should be ≥ 20μH, the wire diameter should be calculated according to the load current. 2. Negative grounding (+24V) DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model marked on the figure (the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher). According to the requirements of the flow capacity, the external dimensions and package form are required, and the flow is required. When the capacity Im is large, the first and second stages can be connected in parallel with m and n varistors as shown in the figure. (The parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor should be connected in series with the temperature fuse. Extend the service life and ensure safety), according to the first stage Im1≥Im, the second stage Im2≥(0.2~0.3)Im. 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the first ceramic gas discharge tube G1 is selected according to the required flow capacity Im, and the second discharge tube G2 can be selected with reference to the second stage Im2. 4. The varistor and the discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the discharge tube is about half of the maximum flow capacity). ). 5, the series inductance is a hollow inductor, the inductance should be ≥ 20μH, the wire diameter should be calculated according to the load current. 3, positive and negative symmetrical DC power supply Description: 1. The varistor is selected in the model marked on the map (selecting the varistor voltage is safer and more durable, the failure rate is lower, but the residual voltage is slightly higher), and the external dimensions and package form are selected according to the requirements of the flow capacity. When the flow capacity Im is large, the first and second stages can be connected in parallel with m and n varistors as shown in the figure (the parallel connection of varistor voltages should be selected, and each varistor should be connected in series with the temperature fuse). To extend the service life and ensure safety, according to the first stage Im1≥Im, the second stage Im2≥(0.2~0.3)Im. 2. The temperature fuse is generally 130 ° C ~ 135 ° C, 10 A / 250 V, and should have good thermal coupling with the varistor. It is best to connect a current fuse in series to prevent the overvoltage from instantaneously breaking through the varistor. 3. The flow capacity of the ceramic gas discharge tube is selected according to the required flow capacity. 4. The varistor and the gas discharge tube must calculate the flow capacity according to the derating value of more than 10 times of impact (the varistor is about one-third of the impulse flow capacity, and the gas discharge tube is the maximum flow capacity). About half). 5, the series inductance is a hollow inductor, the inductance should be ≥ 20μH, the wire diameter should be calculated according to the load current. Three, universal two-stage signal surge arrester Description: The component type shown in the figure is suitable for signal amplitude ≤6V, and the P0080 connected in the rectifier bridge can be replaced by P6KE7.5A TVS tube (negative end to the left). For other signal amplitudes, the component type is to be replaced. Four, detection / control circuit protection For example: water, electricity, gas meter reading system, access control, intercom, alarm system, such systems generally use low frequency (pulse) signals or direct current (AC) switching signals. This type of system is divided into two categories: ungrounded systems and grounded systems. (1) Ungrounded system protection circuit: Description: 1R1, R2 can be used with ordinary metal oxide film resistors (4.3 ~ 5.1 Ω), or cold temperature resistance equivalent positive temperature coefficient thermistors (such as: self-recovery fuse: LP60-010/030, LB180 (U)). 2 The DC breakdown voltage of ceramic gas discharge tube and TVS tube is selected according to the signal voltage amplitude, see the following table: When there is no continuous DC voltage in the circuit, the TVS tube can be replaced by a semiconductor overvoltage protector with a breakdown voltage equivalent. When the inrush current is small, the ceramic gas discharge tube can be replaced with a glass discharge tube of comparable breakdown voltage. 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